Adrenal venous sampling in patients with ACTH-independent hypercortisolism

ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone- (ACTH-)independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is an infrequent cause of Cushing's syndrome (CS). AIMAH presents as incidental radiological finding or with subclinical or overt CS, occasionally with secretion of mineralocorticoids or sex steroids. The pathophysiology of this entity is heterogeneous. The aberrant adrenal expression and function of one or...

Screening for ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism in patients with pituitary incidentaloma.

Adrenal venous sampling in a patient with adrenal Cushing syndrome

The primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia or the independent adrenocorticotropic hormone bilateral nodular adrenal hyperplasia is a rare cause hypercortisolism, its diagnosis is challenging and there is no clear way to decide the best therapeutic approach. Adrenal venous sampling is commonly used to distinguish the source of hormonal production in patients with primary hyperaldoste...

Adrenal myelolipoma with osseous metaplasia and hypercortisolism

Adrenal myelolipomas are rare adrenal tumors generally diagnosed incidentally. A 42-year-old female reported to us with complaints of left flank pain attributable to her left ureteric calculi. On evaluation, a large adrenal mass was diagnosed along with hypercortisolism. After adrenalectomy, the histopathology revealed adrenal myelolipoma along with osseous metaplasia not reported in English li...

Adrenal Venous Sampling in Primary Hyperaldosteronism

Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is used to distinguish unilateral from bilateral aldosterone hypersecretion as a cause of primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA). This distinction is critical because unilateral disease is treated, and often cured, by adrenalectomy, whereas bilateral hypersecretion should be managed medically. In this article, we review the epidemiology and etiologies of PHA, present scr...